ADVERTISEMENTS: They are however disastrous in their impact when they affect human settlements. Human societies have witnessed a large number of such natural hazards in different parts of the world and have tried to learn to control these processes to some extent. Frequently Occurring Natural Disaster in India Sr.No. Type Location/area Affected pollution 1. Floods 8 major river valleys spread over 40 million hectares of area in the entire country 260 2. Droughts Spread in 14 states 86 3. Earthquakes Nearly 55% of the total area of the country falling in the seismic zone IV and V 400 4.
Cyclones Entire 5700 km long coastline of Southern Peninsular India covering 9 states 10 5. Landslides Entire Sub-Himalayan Regions and Western Ghats 10 Major such disasters include a devastating earthquake which hit Bhuj Town in Gujarat caused massive damage. Earth-quake generated water waves called Tsunamis caused tremendous damage in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Types of Disasters: There are two types of disasters: (i) Natural Disasters: The disasters that are caused by nature are termed as natural disasters e.g., earthquake, cyclone etc. (ii) Man-made Disaster: The disasters which are caused as a result of human activities are termed as Man-Made Disasters e.g., Road accident, terrorist attack.
Natural Disasters: 1. Earthquake: Earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of ground causing great destruction as a result of movement of earth’s crust. An earthquake has the potential to tsunami or volcanic eruption. Earthquake of magnitude 9.2 on the Richter’s scale in 2004 in Indonesia is the second largest earthquake ever recorded. The deadliest earthquake happened in Central China, killing over 800,000 in 1556.
People during that time and region lived in caves and died from the caves collapsing. Earthquake mitigation strategies: a. Existing critical facilities built on reclaimed land should be inspected and retrofitted if necessary to ensure earthquake resistance. Future critical facilities should not be located on reclaimed land because of the high potential for liquefaction.
Older unreinforced masonry buildings should be inspected and retrofitted if necessary to increase earthquake resistance. Older unreinforced masonry buildings should not be used for critical functions. Cyclone: Cyclones (or more properly called Tropical Cyclones) are a type of severe spinning storm that occurs over the ocean near the tropics. The most famous Australian historic cyclone was Cyclone Tracy, December 1974, where around 11 people died in Darwin, Northern Territory. The direction they spin depends on which hemisphere they are in. In the Southern hemisphere they spin in a clockwise direction and Northern hemisphere they spin in an anti-clockwise direction. Cyclone mitigation strategies: a.
Future critical facilities should not be located in areas of accelerated winds. The most significant aspect of structural damage to buildings by high velocity wind results from roof damage. The roofs of existing buildings should be inspected and if necessary retrofitted to adequate standards. The roofs of existing critical facilities should be retrofitted to a higher standard to ensure wind resistance. Building openings such as windows and doors also suffer damage from high velocity winds. These openings if not constructed of wood or metal should be protected with shutters or temporary covers of adequate design.
Classification of cyclone based on speed Category Strongest Guse (Km/h) Typical Effects (Indication Only) 1 (Tropical Cyclone) Less than 125 (Gales) Negligible house damage. Damage to some crops, trees and caravans. Craft may drag moorings. 2 (Tropical Cyclone) 125-169 (Destructive winds) Minor house damage, Significant damage to signs, trees and caravans, Heavy damage to some crops.
Risk of power failure. Small craft may break moorings. 3 (Srvere Tropical Cyclone e.g., Roma) 170-224 (Very destructive winds) Some roof and structural damage.
Some caravans destroyed. Power failure likely. 4 (Srvere Tropical Cyclone e.g., Tracy) 225-279 (Very destructive winds) Significant roofing loss and structural damage. Many caravans destroyed and blown away. Dangerous airborne debris. Widespread power failures 5 (Srvere Tropical Cyclone e.g., Vance) More than ‘280 (Very destructive winds) Extremely dangerous with widespread destruction.
Tsunami: Tsunamis are giant waves, initiated by a sudden change, usually in relative position of underwater tectonic plates. The sudden jerk is enough to propagate the wave; however, its power can be enhanced and fed by lunar positioning and boundaries that focus its energy. Tsunami mitigation strategies: a. In some tsunami-prone countries earthquake engineering measures have been taken to reduce the damage caused onshore.
Japan, where tsunami science and response measures first began following a disaster in 1896, has produced ever-more elaborate countermeasures and response plans. That country has built many tsunami walls of up to 4.5 metres (15 ft) to protect populated coastal areas.
Other localities have built floodgates and channels to redirect the water from incoming tsunami. Volcanic eruptions: Volcanic disasters are caused by lava flows, volcanic mudflows and pyroclastic flows triggered by volcanic activities such as eruptions. It covers extensive areas; volcanic disasters can cause a large-scale damages and serious personal injury. Secondary disasters such as debris flows are often triggered by rainfall after a volcanic eruption.
In the 1815, the Indonesian eruption threw rocks more than 100 cubic km of ash killing 92,000 people. The greatest volcanic explosion occurred in Indonesia in 1883, which resulting in rocks hurling 55 km up into the air. The explosion was heard in Australia and generated a 40 m high tsunami, killing 36,000 people.
Volcanic disasters mitigation strategies: a. Learn about community warning systems and of disasters that can come from volcanoes (earthquakes, flooding, landslides, mudflows, thunderstorms, tsunamis) b. Make evacuation plans to higher ground with a backup route. Have disaster supplies on hand (flashlight, extra batteries, portable battery-operated radio, first aid kit, emergency food and water, nonelectric can opener, cash and credit cards, and sturdy shoes) 5.
Floods: Flooding is the unusual presence of water on land to a depth which affects normal activities. Flooding can arise from: overflowing rivers (river flooding), heavy rainfall over a short duration (flash floods), or an unusual inflow of sea water onto land (ocean flooding). Ocean flooding can be caused by storms such as hurricanes (storm surge), high tides (tidal flooding), seismic events (tsunami) or large landslides. Flood mitigation strategies: a. Watercourses which pass through significant settlement areas should be properly configured and lined with concrete.
Existing bridges should be inspected to determine which ones are too low or which have support pillars within the watercourse channel. Where possible these should be replaced as these features restrict water flow and cause the channels to be easily blocked with debris. Future bridges should not be built with these undesirable features. Buildings constructed adjacent to watercourses should be elevated by at least one meter to prevent potential flood inundation. Critical facilities should not be located adjacent to watercourses.
Man-made Disasters: 1. Road Accidents: Road accidents are common in India due to reckless driving, untrained drivers and poor maintenance of roads and vehicles. According to Lifeline Foundation, the Ahmedabad based organization working for road safety, India accounts for 13 per cent of road accident fatalities worldwide. With 130,000 deaths in 2007, India tops in the number of people killed in road accidents, surpassing China’s 90,000. Most of these deaths occurred due to bad road designs and lack of proper traffic management systems to separate different streams of traffic.
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Building and Bridge Collapse: Building collapses are frequent in India where construction is often hastily done, with little regard for safety regulations, particularly in the western part of the country. Download anime hatsune miku sub indo mkv. Terrorist Attack: Devastating acts such as the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon have left many concerned about the possibility of future incidents in the United States and their potential impact.
Terrorism may involve devastating acts using weapons of mass destruction ranging from chemical agents, biological hazards, a radiological or nuclear device, and other explosives. Mitigation strategies for man-made disasters: a. For road accidents, traffic rules and regulations need to be followed strictly. For building and bridge collapse, standard building materials should be used. Moreover, more and more public awareness should be made to minimize the effects of man-made disasters. If a Terrorism-Related Event Happens: a.
Project File On Generating Awareness On Disaster Management
Stay calm and be patient. Listen to a local radio or television station for news and follow the instructions of emergency service personnel. If the incident occurs near you, look out for secondary hazards such as falling debris or additional attacks. Check for injuries and summon help for seriously injured people. Awareness through Mass Media: a.
Media plays a significant role in educating the population about disaster and its management. Without media we could not aware people about disaster in remote areas of the country. Central Sector Scheme for Disaster Management: a. Human resource Development b. Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM) c.
Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States d. UNDP is a united nation’s global development programs working in 166 countries. Programs for Community Participation and Public Awareness f. Observing National Disaster Reduction Day.
Slide 4: CYCLONIC DISASTER The term “cyclone” here IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TROPICAL CYCLONIC STORMS WICH OCCUR WITHIN THE SEAS OR THE OCEANS.THE BACKGROUND PICTURE WHICH YOU ALL CAN SEE IS OF THE CYCLONE WHICH HIT ANDHRA PRADESH IN MAY 1990.THE SPEED OF THIS CYCLONE WAS ABOUT 250 KM/HOUR.IT AFFECTED ABOUT 6,000 VILLLAGES IN THE EASTERLY INDIAN COASTAL AREAS.ALMOST 1,000 PERSONS WERE KILLED IN THIS DISASTER.ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF SUCH TRAGEDY IS CYCLONE KATRINA occurred on august 23,2005 near Bahamas. It killed upto 1836 people mainly from Mississippi. Slide 7: PRECAUTION AGAINST TSUNAMI PREPEARE A PLAN OF THE EVACUATION ROUTE FROM YOUR HOUSE,SCHOOL OR WORKPLACE AND FIND AN AREA OF 30m ABOVE SEA LEVEL.KNOW THE HEIGHT OF YOUR STREET ABOVE THE SEA LEVEL AND DISTANCE FROM THE COAST.THE AREAS OF GREAT RISK ARE LESS THAN 10m AND WITHIN 2km FROM THE COASTLINE.IN SOME CASES THE SEA WATER MAY RECEDE UPTO 800m FROM THE COAST. DO NAOT ENTER THIS TEMPORARILY DRY AREA,AS SEA WATER MAY COME BACK SOON.LISTEN TO THE RADIO OR WATCH TELEVISION FOR THE WARNING AND ADVICES.
Slide 8: VOLCANIC ERUPTION A VOLCANO IS THE ERUPTION OF MAGMA(MOLTEN ROCK)THAT REACHES THE EARTH’S SURFACE THROUGH A CENTRAL VENT OR A LONG CRACK OR(FISSURE)IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES RELEASE DEBRIS,LIQUID LAVA.SEVENTY(70)PERCENT OF THE ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN OR AROUND THE PACIFIC OCEAN.WHEN TWO PLATES COLLIDE DUE TO TECTONIC OR OTHER DISTURBANCES BENEATH THE EARTH CRUST IT LEADS TO THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION.THE ERUPTION OF A VOLCANO ALSO RELEASES OXIDES OF CARBON,SULPHUR,NITROGEN AND WATER VAPOUR.IT CAN BE FURTHER EXPLAINED BY MY NEXT IMAGE. Slide 10: Floods Floods generally occur due to heavy rainfall, or when river water flows beyond its normal course.
The most common type of flood occurs, when a river overflows its banks and water spreads on the surrounding land. It can also be caused due to-Blocking of river channels due to landslides.Strong tides and storm in the sea.Cyclones and tsunami.Change in the course of a river.Fault design of embankments, canals or dams.Deforestation India has experienced more floods than any other part of the world.
Floods are more frequent in the northern India than in southern India.
Introduction on generating Awareness on disaster management: A disaster interrupts the functioning of a society. Disasters have many forms from natural to human intervention induced. Natural disaster includes earthquake, landslide, hurricane, tornado, eruptions of volcanoes, fires / wild fire, flood and cyclones, etc. Human induced disasters include wars, deforestation, unplanned growth or constructions and other actions affecting life. A disaster affects natural life adversely by killing thousands of people and other lives. It also destroys a wide range of habitat and property. Chances of natural disasters are more in highly populated areas and environment get negative impacts by increased population density.
Disaster prone areas become even more vulnerable to disasters by increased human interventions and less precautions for disaster management. Disasters to be managed can be of various types like –.
Earthquake, volcano eruptions and land slides are of geophysical origin. Flood, wild fire, cyclone, tornado, drought and locust are of climatic origin. Disaster management deals with preparing for these disasters and trying to stop these disasters to occur. It might not sound feasible to control nature to prevent occurrence of natural disasters but steps could be undertaken to reduce the effects of these disasters by formulating proper disaster management programme and reduce its affect on humans, other living things, property and economy as a whole. History of Disaster Management: General Assembly of the United Nations has proclaimed 1990 as the decade for Natural disaster Reduction because of the increased frequency of disasters and the felt need to alleviate them. A resolution was passed by the UN to focus on issues relating to disaster management. In spite of all these efforts 1990s witnessed some of the major disasters so establishing a proper disaster management program became a need.
Spreading public awareness over disaster management is looked for as it provides stimulus for reduction in disasters. Awareness on Disaster Management: Prevention of natural disaster is a next to impossible task but human imposed disasters are controllable. But reduction in damages caused by natural disaster should always be sought for. And it could be done by undertaking some disaster mitigation strategies like follows:.
Early warning strategies should be developed to alarm the people around to get ready for some expected disaster. Preparation and implementation of disaster plans.
Proper communication system and tele-medicinal services should be mobilized. Planning for rehabilitation and reduction in post disaster affects.
Students, members of the National Cadet Corps and the Scouts and Guides were among others to witness a drill on disaster management presented by the Fire and Emergency Services personnel here on Thursday as part of National Disaster (prevention) Day. Ravindra Sheegihalli, District Commandant, Home Guards, said that the day was being organised to create awareness among the public on how to fight disasters and protect life and property. He lauded the efforts of the Fire and Emergency Service personnel, the Home Guards in fighting disasters and exhorted the people to take precautions to prevent them. Raja, Superintendent of Police, flagged off the rally taken out on the occasion. Nagrathna, Police Sub Inspector, Koppal, explained about natural disasters and man-made disasters and the steps against them. Koppal Tahasildar Puttaramaiah inaugurated the programme. Jalalsab Huded, Second-in-command, Home Guards, K.M.
Puttaswamy, Fire Officer, were among other senior officers present.
Acknowledgement I am very thankful to everyone who all supported me, for I have completed my project effectively and moreover on time. I am over helmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to all those who have helped me to put these ideas well. I am equally grateful to my (Subject)teacher (Name).
She gave me moral support and guided me in different matters regarding the topic. With the help of her valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement, I was able to perform this project work. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in gathering different information, collecting data and guiding me from time to time in making this project.despite of their busy schedules,they gave me different ideas in making this project unique. Thanking you (your name) U can add anything else eg: i thank my friends. You might want to check out Fema.gov for more information onthis.
There are many categories of disaster management and eachhaving different degrees of coverage. In general disaster managemnt is the identification, control andremediation of major accidents, weather events, fires and similarproblems which impact people or infrastructure. We all face 'small' disasters and apply these same steps.
Assumeyou are painting a wall and drop the open can of paint - ahousehold disaster. You immediately see where the paint landed, theamount spilt, where it splattered and valuable or vulnerable obectsthat would have to be dealt with first (This is the identifiicationstep which gives you an idea of the work that will be required tocontrol the problem). You next step would be to set the canupright, move the cat to safety, stop the paint from draining downthe floor vent, and get all the rags and paper towels along withgarbage bags tiogether to clean up the mess (this is the controlstage). The remediation is the cleaning up of the pools of paint,washing out the rugs, calming your spouse, and returning things tonormal. The final stage is to review the incident to see what youcould have done better to prevent the incident or minimize thedamage.
In the context of project management it all comes down to risk management - what might happen, what are the chances of it happening, if it happens, what is the result, if it does happen, what can we do about it and how do we stay on top of it. Look at what is highly likely and has the biggest impact on the business/project first and then work down the list until an acceptable level is reached. You can't possibly mitigate everything. You could look at the following link to get more details and links to other areas: Some of the advantages of disaster management:. You can start by developing a disaster recovery / business continuity plan - this will help identify areas of concern.
You could engagement with a large community to help you - arrange brainstorming events, interviews, workshops, prepare checklists, questionnaires, get expert facilitation, use data from previous projects, review assumption lists etc. The act of doing this will help you assess each event on a probability scale (1 being highly unlikely to 5 being highly likely). Effort can be concentrated on the top 10 events/issue, or the events which have the more importance to the project, the greatest size/value, the most complex or those with a stability/novelty or unknown element. Contingency or fallback plans can be developed for the top 10 events or to cover the majority of events. Having a plan can help influence the future procurement of new capabilities and services, and even help to dictate where they should be located in order to improve the disaster management in future.
Issues/events can have owners responsible for ensuring processes are implemented, people are trained, and regular update reports on progress are provided to senior management. Future budgets can be set for future improvements. It improves corporate knowledge and experience and can prompt people to think laterally and look for alternative solutions, if reviewed regularly. Doing something is always better than doing nothing.
Some of the disadvantages of disaster management:. It can cost a lot of money to develop and implement.
Generating Awareness On Disaster Management Project Class X
It can take a lot of effort to do it properly, away from the projects themselves. It is not worth doing if it is not done properly. It can money to keep it current and update the systems periodically. Disaster Management is a bit like an Insurance Policy, if you never need it, you wonder why you bought it. But, if you ever do need it, you are ever so glad you did. Some of the advantages of disaster management:.
You can start by developing a disaster recovery / business continuity plan - this will help identify areas of concern. You could engagement with a large community to help you - arrange brainstorming events, interviews, workshops, prepare checklists, questionnaires, get expert facilitation, use data from previous projects, review assumption lists etc. The act of doing this will help you assess each event on a probability scale (1 being highly unlikely to 5 being highly likely). Effort can be concentrated on the top 10 events/issue, or the events which have the more importance to the project, the greatest size/value, the most complex or those with a stability/novelty or unknown element. Contingency or fallback plans can be developed for the top 10 events or to cover the majority of events.
Having a plan can help influence the future procurement of new capabilities and services, and even help to dictate where they should be located in order to improve the disaster management in future. Issues/events can have owners responsible for ensuring processes are implemented, people are trained, and regular update reports on progress are provided to senior management. Future budgets can be set for future improvements. It improves corporate knowledge and experience and can prompt people to think laterally and look for alternative solutions, if reviewed regularly. Doing something is always better than doing nothing.
Some of the disadvantages of disaster management:. It can cost a lot of money to develop and implement. It can take a lot of effort to do it properly, away from the projects themselves. It is not worth doing if it is not done properly. It can money to keep it current and update the systems periodically.
Disaster Management is a bit like an Insurance Policy, if you never need it, you wonder why you bought it. But, if you ever do need it, you are ever so glad you did. Prediction, before that classification of kinds of disasters, maintenance of accurate records of the kind of disaster, its geographic extent, havoc wrought, loss of life, estimated loss, remidial measures taken and frequency of occurance. EDUCATION AND TRAINING: Govt. Officials, hospital staff and management, teachers, prominent local citizens should be educated with the help of audio-visual aids and via tele-conferencing, TRAINING, TRAINING AND re-TRAINING: Drills regarding response time. Route plan of hospitals in booklet form. Dispensing with formalities and red tape before treatment starts.
Open uncluttered to and from disaster prone zones for quicker reach of help or quicker evacuation. Strict control on the settlements in and around a disaster prone zone. Competent persons to handle logistics for quicker transportation of men and materials. Separate courses at universities on this subject.
Dispensation of funds to field Staff with electronic speed. These are some of the measures that are a must.
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